Boundary flat bands with topological spin textures protected by subchiral symmetry

Chiral symmetry plays an indispensable role in topological classifications as well as in the understanding of the origin of bulk or boundary flat bands. The conventional definition of chiral symmetry refers to the existence of a constant unitary matrix anticommuting with the Hamiltonian. Since a constant unitary matrix has constant eigenvectors, boundary flat bands enforced by chiral symmetry, which share the same eigenvectors with the chiral symmetry operator, are dictated to carry fixed (pseudo)spin polarizations and be featureless in quantum geometry. In this paper, we generalize the chiral symmetry and introduce a concept termed subchiral symmetry. Unlike the conventional chiral symmetry operator defined as constant matrix, the subchiral symmetry operator depends on partial components of the momentum vector, as do its eigenvectors. We show that topological gapped or gapless systems without chiral symmetry, but with subchiral symmetry, can support boundary flat bands, which exhibit topological spin textures and quantized Berry phases. We expect that such intriguing boundary flat bands could give rise to a variety of exotic physics in the presence of interactions or disorders.