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diabetes mellitus type 2 T2DM is associated with heightened inflammatory activity. The significance of inflammatory markers in the context of T2DM remains a subject of debate. Interferon-λ1 (IFN-λ1), also referred to as interleukin-29 IL-29, represents a recent addition to the interferon family type III. Primarily secreted by macrophages and developing dendritic cells. IL- 29 has a crucial function in various immune reactions. Minerals and vitamins have important roles in antioxidation and anti-inflammation processes. The main aims of presented research were to assess vitamin D, antioxidant minerals (copper and zinc), and interleukin-29 in T2DM; also, to assess the diagnostic values and correlations of IL-29 with other parameters. A case-control study encompassed 30 type 2 diabetes patients (comprising 17 males and 13 females) who visited Al-Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babel, Iraq. Furthermore, a control group was established, consisting of 30 volunteers who were apparently in good health. Standard procedures and methodologies were employed to ascertain the levels of the parameters. There were significantly increases (P value < 0.05) in concentrations of IL- 29, fasting blood glucose, Hb A1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and in T2DM patients. Meanwhile, there were significant decreases in zinc and vitamin D concentrations in patients in comparison with control. The most valuable receiver operator characteristic (ROC) was for FBG (0.987), Hb A1c (0.988) and IL–29 (1.0). Serum IL-29 level showed strong positive correlations with FBG and Hb A1c; on the other hand, it showed negative correlations with zinc and vitamin D (p- value < 0.05). The study found that there were increases in IL-29 levels and decreases in vitamin D, copper and zinc levels among T2DM patients. These changes are potentially the reason to develop diabetes and provide new biomarkers for detecting or assessing diabetes status.
Ali et al. (Mon,) studied this question.