Democracy in crisis: geopolitical shifts and us challenges in Middle East and North Africa

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has long been characterized by political instability, conflict, and authoritarian governance. In recent years, the region has witnessed a deepening crisis of democracy, marked by the erosion of democratic institutions, the resurgence of authoritarianism, and the rise of non-state actors. This article examines the geopolitical shifts shaping the crisis of democracy in the MENA region and assesses the challenges facing the United States in promoting democratic governance and stability. Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of recent developments, this article argues that geopolitical dynamics, including great power competition, regional rivalries, and socio-economic factors, have contributed to the erosion of democracy in the MENA region. In response, the United States must recalibrate its approach to the region, prioritizing support for democratic reforms, human rights, and inclusive governance, while also addressing security threats and advancing its strategic interests.