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Abstract: This paper examines the evolving dynamics between Spain's mainstream right-wing Partido Popular (PP) and the populist radical right party, VOX, in the context of contemporary European politics. Using pre-electoral surveys from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) for the April 2019, November 2019, and 2023 general elections, the study analyzes the propensity to vote for the two parties. Focusing on socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and education, the paper reveals significant shifts in voter preferences and party allegiances, highlighting the PP's ideological shift in response to VOX's growing influence. The findings indicate a blurring of traditional and radical right-wing politics in Spain, suggesting a realignment within the Spanish right. This trend points to the PP's strategic response to VOX, influenced by both electoral competition and evolving societal values, as reflected in voter demographics. The research contributes to the understanding of ideological realignment and the impact of radical and populist influences on political landscapes and voter-party relationships.
Zanotti et al. (Sat,) studied this question.