Ortho-functionalized pyridinyl-tetrazines - breaking the inverse correlation between click reactivity and cleavage yields in click-to-release

The bioorthogonal tetrazine-triggered cleavage of trans-cyclooctene(TCO)-linked payloads has strong potential for widespread use in drug delivery and in particular in click-cleavable ADCs, but clinical translation is hampered by an inverse correlation between click reactivity and payload release yield. This requires the use of high doses of relatively less reactive tetrazines to drive in vivo TCO reactions to completion and achieve sufficient payload release. Herein we report that the main cause for the low release when using the highly reactive bis-(2-pyridinyl)-tetrazine is the stability of the initially formed 4,5-dihydropyridazine product, precluding tautomerization to the releasing 1,4-dihydropyridazine tautomer. We demonstrate that efficient tautomerization and payload elimination can be achieved by ortho-substituting bis-pyridinyl-tetrazines with hydrogen-bonding hydroxyl or amido groups, thereby achieving a.o. release yields of 96 % with 18-fold more reactive tetrazines. Applied to on-tumor activation of a click-cleavable ADC in mice, the new tetrazines afforded near-quantitative ADC conversion at a ca. 10- to 20-fold lower dose than what was previously needed, resulting in a strong therapeutic response.