Ontogenetic and Disontogenetic Aspects of the Formation of Pre-Communicative and Basic Communicative Skills and Skills in Children of Early Age With Developmental Complications

The scientific article analyzes the structure of communicative activity and its components. Detailed analysis of the latest research and publications on the selected topic has been carried out. The author analyzed the criteria for assessing the normal development of speech at various stages of speech communication. It has been proven that speech is the main means of communication. The following speech functions have been characterized - cognitive, communicative and semantic, and their exceptional importance for the development of a preschooler has been proven. An overview of three stages of speech as a means of communication is made: pre-verbal, the stage of the emergence of speech and the stage of the development of speech communication. The levels of communicative and speech development of a child of early and preschool age have been determined. Communicative motives for the communication situation of a young child are analyzed. The emotional component of children's communication is considered as an incentive to directly master the speech process, as a means of communication. The leading role and types of role of emotional contacts are analyzed. The author's definitions of "pre-communicative abilities and skills", "basic communicative abilities and skills", "children with developmental complications" have been developed and their essence has been revealed. Levels and indicators of normal communicative and speech development are determined. The dysontogenetic aspect of the development of pre-communicative and basic communicative abilities and skills is analyzed. An analysis of the early manifestations of the pathological development of pre-communicative and basic communicative skills was carried out. Variants of communicative behavior disorders of young children with developmental complications are identified.