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To promote energy absorption capacity and the efficiency of virtual power plant (VPP) operation and consider the complex and uncertain characteristics of the VPP system, a three-stage optimal dispatch model is proposed for VPPs. On this basis, a VPP three-stage bidding model is established that simultaneously takes into account electric vehicles (EVs) and demand response. The established model has the characteristics of high-dimensional nonlinearity. The proposed scheme has the effect of peak shaving and valley filling, and can enhance the consumption of renewable energy. Eventually, the effectiveness of the constructed model is verified through the simulation model. The simulation results confirm that the proposed optimization scheduling model has the advantages of efficiency and accuracy.
Wang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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