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Purpose: This research aims to identify the need for natural and social science teaching materials by the demands of the independent learning curriculum and the obstacles faced in learning natural and social sciences using the self-instruction approach and the tri kaya parisudha concept. Method: This research was conducted using the literature review research method. The data collected comes from books, research studies and research results published in national and international scientific journals. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively using an interactive data analysis model consisting of three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Results and conclusion: Teaching materials with a self-instruction approach and containing the tri kaya parisudha can be a solution to meet the demands of an independent curriculum for Natural and Social Sciences subjects. This is because self-instruction has several characteristics that solve the challenges of learning Natural and Social Sciences and the demands of an independent curriculum in realizing quality learning that suits the needs and learning environment. Meanwhile, Tri kaya parisudha helps implement character education emphasising thinking, saying and doing good things. Research implications: The results of this research can be used as material for consideration in developing teaching materials for learning Natural and Social Sciences using a self-instruction approach containing tri hita karana. Originality/value: Teaching materials that combine modern learning concepts with local wisdom are still rarely developed. This research combines the concept of modern learning, namely self-instruction, with local wisdom possessed by the Balinese people in developing character, namely tri kaya parisudha. So, it can be said that this research offers something new by combining modern and traditional concepts already known by society into the natural and social sciences learning process.
Adnyana et al. (Mon,) studied this question.