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Providing anesthesia and/or sedation to bovine patients improves animal welfare and makes the procedure better for all involved. Although there are no FDA-approved anesthetic drugs, they can be used under AMDUCA. The use of drug combinations may improve the sedation and analgesia achieved. Additionally, the use of caudal epidural anesthesia is an easy-to-deploy tactic in the field.
Michael Kleinhenz (Fri,) studied this question.
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