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With the increasing awareness of environmental and social impacts associated with conventional petrochemical materials and air pollution, the automotive industry is experiencing accelerated transformations. The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and urban air mobility (UAM) signifies a pivotal shift towards sustainable transportation solutions. Consequently, the focus has shifted towards lightweight and eco-friendly materials, driving the development of sustainable composite materials and recycling techniques. This study reviews the utilization of eco-friendly materials in the automotive industry, particularly focusing on biopolymers, natural fibers, and bioplasticizers. It examines manufacturing processes for bio-based composites and explores current trends and market prospects. Green composites, known for their lightweight properties and capacity to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, offer significant advantages, including reduced production costs and enhanced sustainability. The market for green composites is projected to experience substantial growth, with a forecasted Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15.30%, reaching USD 86.43 billion from 2022 to 2030. Similarly, the global recycled plastic market, valued at USD 69.40 billion in 2023, is expected to reach USD 120.00 billion by 2030, driven by increasing demand in high-value-added sectors such as the automobile industry. This comprehensive review aims to analyze research trends in eco-friendly composites and their applications within the automotive sector, emphasizing significant contributions to sustainable mobility and environmental stewardship.
Oh et al. (Mon,) studied this question.