Application of nanotechnology in the battery of electric vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more popular as a substitute for gas-guzzling automobiles because of weather changes, population increase, and limited resources. Since lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have several benefits including high energy density, high specific energy, zero memory effect, low self-discharge, and long lifespan, LIBs are widely employed in EVs. However, LIBs still have room for improvement, such as charging speed. The performance of electrodes in LIBs can be enhanced using nanotechnology, which involves nanocoating, nanostructure, and nanodoping. Nano techniques offer the benefits of large surface area, robustness, and high resistance. This article will introduce the pros and cons of some common active materials of the cathode (nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide, lithium manganese oxide and lithium-iron phosphate) and anode (graphite and SiO2), and discuss which nanotechnology is suitable for enhancement in the context of the cons for each active material. This research summarizes a few instances of electrode-active materials that actively employ nanotechnology.