Determining Cosmological-model-independent H 0 with Gravitationally Lensed Supernova Refsdal

Abstract The reappearance of supernova Refsdal with detailed modeling of the lens cluster allows us to measure the time-delay distance, which serves as a powerful tool to determine the Hubble constant ( H 0 ). We give a cosmological-model-independent method to estimate H 0 through Gaussian process regression, using time-delay measurements from this lensed supernova in combination with supernova data from the Pantheon+ sample. Using eight mass models for the lens cluster, we infer H 0 = 64.2 − 4.3 + 4.4 km s − 1 Mpc − 1 , and using two cluster models most consistent with the observations, we infer H 0 = 66.3 − 3.6 + 3.8 km s − 1 Mpc − 1 . Our estimates of the value of H 0 are in 1 σ agreement with the results assuming a flat ΛCDM model and the uncertainties are comparable. Our constraint results on H 0 from the eight lens models and the two lens models indicate 2 σ and 1.8 σ tensions with that estimated by Supernova H0 for the Equation of State, respectively. However, our median values of H 0 from the two sets of lens models show good consistency with H 0 inferred from Planck cosmic microwave background observations assuming a ΛCDM model within 1 σ . We also find that our results for H 0 indicate 2 σ deviations and 1.7 σ deviations from the constraint results of H 0 using six time-delay quasars by H0LiCOW with the same analysis method.