Parametrically Optimized Synchronous Condenser Coordinated Control Framework to Enhance Bulk Grid Stability With Renewables

The power grid complexity has increased with the expanded penetration of renewable energy resources, creating grid performance challenges. This work proposes a parametrically optimized coordinated control framework and investigates the impact of a synchronous condenser and its associated parameters on the oscillation characteristics and stability of a weak grid system integrated with renewable energy (e.g., wind). For analysis, a model of a power grid with a wind farm (Type 4), and a thermal power station lumped group approach (e.g., exciter system and steam governor) are developed to model the grid with a variable impedance network. Then, to evaluate the specific impact of the synchronous condenser parameters (e.g., exciter gain, transient reactance, and inertial constant), a linearized state-space model is constructed. A design guideline is proposed, based on the study outcomes, for the optimal selection of synchronous condenser parameters for specific bulk grid conditions. For validation, analysis is performed in PSCAD, an electromagnetic transient simulation platform, and MATLAB/Simulink via a representative weak grid model. The proposed approach offers improved control and enhanced stability of the electric grid with renewables.