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In American Catholics and the Quest for Equality in the Civil War Era, Robert Emmett Curran argues that nineteenth-century America did not offer equal opportunities for Blacks, Native Americans, Jews, Catholics, and women. Curran, a professor emeritus of history at Georgetown University, focuses on Catholics’ pursuit of equality from 1846 to 1877, showcasing their transformation from “internal aliens” to full-fledged citizens, which did not prevent them from seeking to deprive others, especially African Americans, of the same.
David J. Endres (Mon,) studied this question.
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