Cardiac type total anomalous pulmonary venous return: an unusual cause of neonatal pulmonary hypertension: a rare case report and literature review

Abstract Background: The condition known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, or TAPVR, arises when the primitive connections between the pulmonary veins and the cardinal systemic veins survive, making it impossible for the common pulmonary veins to link to the left atrium. It is a subset of congenital heart defects that range from 1 to 5%. Case presentation: in our case, After 12 hours after parturition, a 48-hour-old male infant was brought to the hospital with dyspnea, a systolic murmur, and cyanosis.Right bundle branch block (RBBB), sinus tachycardia, and right cardiac axis deviation are all recorded on an electrocardiogram. An abnormal pulmonary venous return was seen as a result of the pulmonary veins' blockage, which was demonstrated to empty into a confluence that drained straight into the coronary sinus. Blood is immediately drained into the coronary sinus (CS) by the pulmonary venous confluence (PVC), which also connects with it. Conclusion: TAVPR is a rare congenital heart anomaly. Among the four types reported in medical literature, the combined form is the least common. A comprehensive comprehension of the anatomy and drainage site is essential to guide the medical practitioner and surgical team toward accurate procedural performance.