Unilateral Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor

Abstract Background Essential tremor (ET) affects numerous adults, impacting quality of life (QOL) and often defying pharmacological treatment. Surgical interventions like deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesional approaches, including radiofrequency, gamma‐knife radiosurgery, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided focused ultrasound, offer solutions but are not devoid of limitations. Objectives This retrospective, single‐center, single‐blinded pilot study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of unilateral MRI‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIg‐LITT) thalamotomy for medically intractable ET. Methods Nine patients with ET, unresponsive to medications and unsuitable for DBS, underwent unilateral MRIg‐LITT thalamotomy. We assessed tremor severity, QOL, cognitive function, and adverse events (AE) over a 12‐month period. Results Tremor severity significantly improved, with a reduction of 83.37% at 12 months post‐procedure. QOL scores improved by 74.60% at 12 months. Reported AEs predominantly included transient dysarthria, proprioceptive disturbances, and gait balance issues, which largely resolved within a month. At 3 months, 2 patients (22%) exhibited contralateral hemiparesis requiring physiotherapy, with 1 patient (11%) exhibiting persistent hemiparesis at 12 months. No significant cognitive impairment was detected post‐procedure. Conclusions Unilateral MRIg‐LITT thalamotomy yielded substantial and enduring tremor alleviation and enhanced QOL in patients with ET that is resistant to medication. The AE profile was acceptable. Our findings support the need for additional research with expanded patient cohorts and extended follow‐up to corroborate these outcomes and to refine the role of MRIg‐LITT as a targeted and minimally invasive approach for ET management. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.