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Public infrastructure, like electric and telecommunication utilities, is increasingly moving underground to avoid above ground congestion in urban areas and for protection of their facilities. Locating underground utilities remains a challenge in the United States, and accurate as-built records are crucial for urban development and utility management. Emerging geospatial, three-dimensional (3D), and as-built utility survey technologies are essential for producing reliable and accurate geospatially referenced subsurface utility data. However, the practice for collecting utility as-built data using 3D modelling technologies is one of the least-used approaches among the United States DOTs. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the positional accuracy of digital as-built data of underground utility captured through ground-based photogrammetry with traditional real-time kinetic (RTK) corrected GPS survey points with elevations calculated by survey level. The results demonstrated geospatially accurate 3D scan, and the notable accuracy achieved by device orientation demonstrates ground-based photogrammetry's value for utility as-built data collection.
Patel et al. (Mon,) studied this question.