Invitro analysis of Syzygium aromaticum for its anti-cancer potential

Around 10 million deaths, or approximately one in six deaths, are due to cancer in 2023, making it a major cause of mortality worldwide.The most prevalent malignancies are those of the breast, lungs, colon, rectum, and prostate.The traditional cancer treatment regimens consist of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery.Nevertheless, negative side effects like nausea and emesis are linked to them.As a result, researchers are now interested in complementary and alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of cancer.Phytochemicals derived from plants are a common source of complementary and alternative medicine.One such plant is Syzygium aromaticum, also known as clove, which has long been used medicinally.Here, several analyses have been performed to investigate the well-known anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of clove ethanolic extract.It was also examined for the presence of a number of well-known phytochemicals, which are crucial in establishing it as a substitute for conventional cancer preventive and treatment methods.Using the HepG2 cell line, the MTT assay was used to analyze the extract's anti-cancer potential.This assay is a preliminary test for cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition.The concentration needed to achieve 50% inhibition, or IC50 value, was calculated using this methodology and was found to be 28.08 µg.The extract's apoptotic potential was demonstrated in HepG2 cell line using the EB/AO staining method, which demonstrated that the extract causes malignant cells to undergo apoptosis proven by emitting red fluorescence.