Chinese English language learners’ vocabulary retention: Investigating the effectiveness of neuro/metacognitive and socio-cultural strategies

Abstract Background The acquisition of a rich vocabulary is foundational to language proficiency. In the pedagogical pursuit of effective vocabulary teaching, educators explore diverse methodologies. Researchers investigated the impact of different neurocognitive, metacognitive, and socio-cultural strategies on enhancing vocabulary learning, particularly among Chinese English Language Learners. Objectives The study aims to determine the effectiveness of techniques derived from these theories compared to traditional teaching methods in enhancing vocabulary recall and recognition among English language learners. Methodology A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was employed for the experimental and control groups, comprising 90 Chinese EFL learners selected from educational institutions in 2022–2023. The experimental group ( n = 45) received instruction involving visual imagery, multisensory rotation, circle rotation, and mind mapping over eight sessions, while the control group ( n = 45) received traditional teaching methods. Findings Statistical analysis, utilizing covariance and analysis of variance with SPSS software version 22, revealed significant improvements in recall and vocabulary recognition within and between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions The results indicate that incorporating techniques based on Neuro-Cognitive, Multimedia, Socio-Cultural, and Metacognitive theories positively influences vocabulary recall and recognition. This suggests the efficacy of these innovative methods in enhancing English language learning, highlighting their potential for broader integration into EFL instruction.