Comparative analysis of milk production practices: Commercial vs. Household Dairy farming in Haryana, India

This research explores milk production practices in Haryana, India, with a focus on identifying zoonotically undesirable practices in commercial dairy farming compared to smallholder dairy farming. The study employed a multistage random sampling technique to observe and document farming practices, including preparation, milking, and storage. Key findings reveal discrepancies in infrastructure, hygiene, and equipment choices between commercial and household dairy farmers. Commercial farmers generally exhibited better practices, such as maintaining short fingernails and covering their hair, while household farmers displayed room for improvement in personal hygiene. Vaccination and disease monitoring were also more prevalent among commercial farmers. However, both groups need education on milking techniques, udder cleaning, and proper handling and storage practices to enhance milk quality and animal health. This study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to promote safer and higher-quality milk production in the dairy industry.