Shear wave propagation in a fiber-laden viscoelastic waveguide under prestress: Inverse modeling challenges

The functional role of skeletal muscle and the hierarchal microstructure and arrangement of fibers within it results in anisotropy and inhomogeneity in both material properties and imposed stresses. Dynamic elastography reconstruction methods for estimating muscle tissue viscoelastic properties that are based on assumptions of homogeneity, isotropy and only bulk wave motion may produce inaccurate estimates. Biases may be introduced in reconstruction by homogenizing muscle with axially aligned fibers and approximating it as transversely isotropic. The significance of these biases, and their interplay with imposed stresses and confounding waveguide effects due to small cross-sectional dimensions, is quantified with a series of numerical finite element and experimental elastography studies on cylindrically-shaped fiber-laden muscle phantoms, with varying fiber dimensions. Specifically, numerical simulations of elastography are conducted on 4-, 60- and 113-fiber models with the aligned fiber cross-sectional area fixed (reduced fiber diameter as fiber count increases) and comprising approximately 40% of the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical phantom that is also undergoing tensile axial pre-loading. Fiber elastic moduli twice that of connective tissue are considered. Experimental studies of the 4-fiber model are used to validate the numerical model. Funding support: NSF 1852691 and NIH AR071162