Prevention of degradation of the natural environment in the development of ecological tourism in specially protected natural areas

The article is devoted to the problem of changing climatic conditions in the permafrost zone and the influence of environmental factors on it. External factors include environmental, climatic and geological aspects of the environment that have a possible impact on various processes and phenomena. Environmental factors include: the intensity of the development of industrial production, the dynamics of discharges and emissions. Climate refers to temperature and precipitation. The geological factor of the external environment is the depth of thawing of the cryolithozone. The aim of the work was to analyze environmental factors affecting permafrost melting, using the example of Yakutia. Within the framework of this work, the authors analyzed data on the relationship between the index of industrial production and the environmental discharge and emissions for 2016–2020. The total amount of atmospheric air pollution is quite large, almost half of the total amount is carbon monoxide. To analyze the influence of atmospheric pollution on the seasonal thawing of permafrost soils, data from a geocryological hospital were taken and the degree of thawing of the cryolithozone on the territory of meadows and forests was analyzed. The scientific novelty of the work consists in assessing the relationship between the depth of thawing and the amount of precipitation, air temperature, which showed that at this stage of climate change, it is monitored only in local manifestations. The practical significance of the work lies in the assessment of changes in the depth of thawing of the cryolozone during the study period. The results showed one of the important factors influencing permafrost thawing — an increase in the average annual temperature. The data we have obtained confirm that the average monthly temperature is indeed significantly increasing. In Yakutia, in this regard, there is an increasing risk of changes in the state of the environment, in particular the depth of thawing of the cryolithozone, especially on the territory of the meadow, which will affect the use of agricultural crops on the territory of the Republic.