Traditional and Advanced Technologies in Intelligent Transportation Systems

In the past decade, rapid urbanization and the increase in vehicles have worsened traffic conditions. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are considered an ideal solution to optimize urban transportation and tackle traffic challenges. This article comprehensively discusses the current development of basic and new technologies used in ITS. It includes specific subdivisions for these technologies, their application in ITS, as well as current and potential future challenges. The review indicates that vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is increasingly focused on the advancement of Cellular V2X (C-V2X). Sensor technology research and development has reached a high level of maturity. Reinforcement learning as a robust machine learning algorithm, is being extensively applied in traffic management. The article also provides examples of recent research-based applications using these technologies and explores potential directions for their future development. These reviews and analyses can serve as practical references for traffic managers and researchers working on further advancements in ITS.