Objective: This study investigates the historical development of fine-fiber cotton production in the Surkhandarya oasis, Uzbekistan, focusing on agro-technological advancements and irrigation reforms during the Soviet era. It aims to highlight the scientific contributions and climatic adaptations that facilitated cotton cultivation in this region. Method: The research employs a historical analysis based on archival sources, government reports, and scientific studies to examine the role of agricultural policies, experimental farms, and irrigation projects in fine-fiber cotton production. Results: The findings reveal that Surkhandarya’s unique climatic conditions, particularly temperature stability and low humidity, were crucial for fine-fiber cotton cultivation. Soviet agricultural initiatives, including soil studies and irrigation networks, significantly enhanced production efficiency. Moreover, scientific research played a pivotal role in developing resilient cotton varieties suited to the region’s agro-climatic characteristics. Novelty: Unlike previous studies that broadly discuss Soviet cotton policies, this research provides a focused examination of the specific agro-technological advancements and environmental adaptations that shaped fine-fiber cotton cultivation in Surkhandarya. Understanding these historical agricultural strategies offers valuable insights for improving contemporary cotton production and sustainable farming practices in arid regions.
Yakubova Dilaram Tadjiyevna (Sun,) studied this question.