Current status and prospects of air transport development

The article explores the essence of air transport and emphasizes that it is one of the key sectors of the global economy, ensuring the mobility of people and goods, promoting the development of international trade and tourism, and deepening global economic integration. It is noted that in the context of rapid globalization and increasing complexity of international trade, the role of air transport is growing, and the efficiency of global logistics chains directly depends on its smooth functioning. The main characteristics of air transport are revealed, and its place within the transport infrastructure is examined. The article reviews scientific publications addressing both theoretical and practical issues of developing the production infrastructure of air transport in a globally competitive environment. An attempt is made to analyze global trends in the development of air transport under the influence of globalization challenges and digitalization. Particular attention is paid to changes in the dynamics and directions of air transportation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine. The study also investigates the essence and key trends in the production infrastructure of international airports and highlights the role of air transport in enhancing the competitiveness of countries. Special attention is given to issues of environmental sustainability in the aviation sector, including the development of alternative energy sources, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, and the transition to «green» technologies. Examples are provided of the use of artificial intelligence, automated flight control systems, and drones in passenger and cargo transportation. The article also analyzes regional features of air transport development in Europe, Asia, North America, and Ukraine. In particular, it is noted that the domestic air transport market requires structural modernization, infrastructure restoration, fleet renewal, and intensified international cooperation, especially in the context of post-war economic recovery. Key barriers to the industry’s development are identified, including high energy costs, dependence on external suppliers of equipment and fuel, and regulatory instability. The article substantiates strategic directions for the medium- and long-term development of air transport, which include: digitalization of logistics processes, implementation of smart air traffic management systems, expansion of multimodal logistics centers, development of regional airports, and support for innovative startups in the field of aeronautics. It is emphasized that the sustainable development of the aviation industry is only possible through the integration of environmental, economic, and social factors, effective state regulation, and active participation of the international community.