This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in perovskite-based solar cells, focusing on material structures, optical properties, and electronic characteristics. The objective is to identify the potential and technical challenges affecting device performance and long-term stability. A systematic literature study was conducted using peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025, retrieved from international databased index. The review highlights that variations in perovskite composition, including all-inorganic and hybrid types, significantly affect optical absorption and photoluminescence, as well as device stability. Furthermore, fabrication methods such as spin coating, vapor deposition, and blade coating have a direct impact on power conversion efficiency (PCE), short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF). Blade coating yielded the highest reported PCE of 27.8% and Voc up to 1.9 V, while vapor deposition achieved Jsc up to 25.7 mA/cm² and FF of 76.8%. This review concludes that the advancement of perovskite solar cells should focus on integrated strategies in material design and deposition techniques to ensure high efficiency and long-term operational reliability.
Ummah et al. (Mon,) studied this question.