Abstract In this paper, we reexamine the Kuznets hypothesis on the relationship between economic growth and income inequality by integrating the theoretical framework of Schumpeterian creative destruction. Our analysis posits that the critical condition for the emergence of the inverted "U" curve is the gradual dominance of a more productive labor class over a less productive one. The study develops a novel model for this dynamic relationship, constructing a labor inequality index and a measure of the "critical dominance" of the more productive class. Our empirical findings, based on a panel data econometric analysis, confirm the existence of the Kuznets curve, supporting both its ascending and, importantly, its descending trajectories. This relationship is empirically linked to the demographic and economic dominance of skilled workers. The results suggest that the process of creative destruction provides a robust theoretical and empirical mechanism for interpreting the Kuznets hypothesis, while also offering significant policy implications for managing inequality and growth within an economy. JEL Codes: J38, J23, J31, J08, O15, D30, D63
Andreas Kyriakopoulos (Mon,) studied this question.