Navigating work life after colorectal cancer: insights into work ability and functioning – a Danish follow-up study

Background and purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) can affect return to work and sustained work participation. While employment rates have been studied, less is known about how survivors manage work demands after returning, despite frequent long-term symptoms. This study investigated work participation and perceived work functioning 12 and 24 months after surgery. Patient/material and methods: Data stemmed from a Danish late sequelae screening programme including CRC patients aged ≥18 years who were affiliated with the labour market at diagnosis (2021–2024). Participants reported employment status, work role functioning, and work ability. Clinical data were retrieved from a national database. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for cancer type, sex, and age, assessed factors associated with work functioning. Results: At 12 months (n = 474) and 24 months (n = 257), 76% and 78% were employed. Just over half reported high work role functioning, and the majority reported high work ability at both follow-up points. Bowel-related problems were associated with lower work role functioning (12 months: odds ratio OR 0.35, 95% confidence interval CI 0.20–0.62; 24 months: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.86) and lower work ability (12 months: OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.15–0.46; 24 months: OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.51). More advanced cancer stage was also linked to lower work ability. Interpretation: Most survivors return to work within two years; however, persistent bowel-related problems are associated with reduced work functioning. Rehabilitation should address long-term symptoms to support sustained work participation.