With the rapid development of metro–commercial integration, ensuring the safety of building operations has become increasingly critical. This study proposes a comprehensive safety evaluation framework tailored to integrated metro–commercial complexes. The framework establishes a hierarchical indicator system encompassing risk management, human safety management, facility and equipment safety, intelligent information management, and integrated crowd and operational risk. By combining historical records, real-time sensor data, and management logs, secondary indicators are quantified and normalized, while a hybrid weighting method integrating expert judgment and statistical analysis ensures both theoretical validity and empirical robustness. A case study demonstrates the framework’s applicability, yielding an overall operational safety score of 0.601, which corresponds to a “Moderate” level. Detailed analysis identifies deficiencies in flood resilience, intelligent monitoring reliability, and crowd-related fire risks, underscoring the complexity of safety challenges in such facilities. Targeted optimization measures—including enhanced drainage redundancy, condition-based equipment maintenance, improved intelligent monitoring, evacuation corridor expansion, and catering fire safety upgrades—are shown to substantially improve the composite safety index and operational resilience. This study contributes a dynamic, data-driven, and interpretable evaluation methodology that not only supports scientific safety management in metro–commercial buildings but also provides a reference for broader applications in multifunctional urban infrastructure.
Yijing Huang (Mon,) studied this question.
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