ABSTRACT Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based nanomaterials have emerged as a transformative platform for biomedical applications due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and modular composition. This review highlights recent advances in the design and synthesis of MOF‐based nanomaterials for potential applications in cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, and anti‐inflammatory therapy. We categorize these nanomaterials into three key classes: (1) intrinsic theranostic MOFs, which utilize their metal nodes or organic ligands for inherent therapeutic or diagnostic functions; (2) carrier‐type MOFs, designed for high‐capacity drug delivery with stimuli‐responsive release; and (3) hybrid theranostic composites, formed by integrating MOFs with functional components for multimodal imaging and synergistic therapies. Despite promising demonstrations, the clinical translation of MOF‐based nanomaterials still faces challenges in biosafety, scalability, and targeting efficiency. Future research must prioritize biodegradable designs, green synthesis, and multifunctional platforms. Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to bridge the gap between innovation and clinical implementation, unlocking the full potential of MOF‐based nanomaterials in precision medicine.
Han et al. (Mon,) studied this question.