Abstract Agrivoltaic systems, which integrate solar energy conversion with agricultural production, present a promising strategy to enhance land use efficiency while contributing to both food security and the renewable energy transition. Applied in arable and vegetable farming, these systems leverage innovative design solutions – such as optimized spatial configurations, shading management, and crop selection – to ensure synergy between crop yields and photovoltaic output. Engineering considerations, including panel height, tilt, and modular installation, are critical to enabling farm operations while maximizing energy generation. Beyond technical performance, agrivoltaics offer multiple environmental and socio-economic benefits, including improved resource efficiency, increased farm profitability, reduced carbon emissions, and strengthened rural resilience. Nevertheless, challenges remain in addressing potential yield trade-offs, system costs, regulatory barriers, and farmer adoption. Scaling agrivoltaic deployment will require interdisciplinary collaboration, supportive policy frameworks, and advances in system design tailored to diverse agricultural contexts. By aligning food production with renewable energy generation, agrivoltaic systems represent a sustainable pathway toward resilient and resource-efficient food-energy systems.
Belecciu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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