Study on charging models for cloud manufacturing supply chains considering data security under blockchain traceability technology

Blockchain traceability technology enhances supply chain transparency and data security in cloud manufacturing supply chain, thereby affecting the choice of charging models. This paper innovatively integrates blockchain traceability technology with cloud data security management to construct a cloud manufacturing supply chain model that includes operators and suppliers. It conducts an in-depth analysis of equilibrium decisions under different charging models across varying levels of blockchain traceability technology, and designs a cost-sharing and revenue-sharing contract to coordinate the interests of all parties in the supply chain. It identifies four important results. First, as the level of blockchain traceability technology transitions from weak to strong, the service price, market demand, and profit levels for all parties in the cloud manufacturing supply chain show significant improvement. Second, the sensitivity coefficient of blockchain traceability technology and the elasticity coefficient of cloud data security positively influence the cloud data security level, blockchain traceability technology level, service price, demand, and profit, whereas the associated cost coefficients exert a negative influence. Third, he combined cost-sharing-revenue-sharing contract exhibits strong robustness and can effectively coordinate the cloud manufacturing supply chain, achieving Pareto improvement. Fourth, the strategic choices of the operator and the supplier are highly dependent on the revenue-sharing ratio. Both excessively high and low ratios lead to preference misalignment, which is further exacerbated by the cost coefficients of blockchain traceability technology and cloud data security management. However, when the ratio lies within a specific intermediate range, both parties consistently favor the revenue-sharing model. Increases in the sensitivity coefficient of blockchain traceability technology and the elasticity coefficient of cloud data security further widen this cooperative range.