Nanostructured lignin carriers for efficient flame retardant delivery in natural rubber composites

Key Points

• The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of lignin nanocarriers for delivering flame retardants in rubber composites.
• Utilized bio-based lignin as nanocontainers.
• Delivered ammonium polyphosphate to natural rubber composites.
• Evaluated flame resistance and mechanical properties at low loadings.
• Increased flame resistance of natural rubber composites.
• Improved mechanical properties observed at reduced amounts of flame retardants.