Self-tuning dynamic explicit modal filtering based on local flow characteristics for large-eddy simulation

This work improves upon our previously introduced explicit dynamic modal filter (DEMF) within the framework of the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM) by introducing a mechanism for self-tuning of the model parameters. The new self-tuning dynamic explicit modal filter (STDEMF) also extends the methodology for obtaining modal values from nodal values beyond Chebyshev grids and polynomials to general collocation points and orthogonal polynomial bases by leveraging orthogonality. The generated modes are used to remove the built-up energy due to unresolved sub-grid scales (SGSs) in large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows. The STDEMF improves the performance of DEMF in two ways. First, the filter kernel applied to the modes is adapted from a cutoff kernel to a hyperbolic tangent shape, which automatically adjusts the model for different polynomial orders. Second, the cutoff mode is computed dynamically for each element as a function of local flow characteristics, including the local Kolmogorov length scale and the second invariants of the strain and rotation rate tensors. The suggested formulation for the cutoff mode treats unresolved elements distinctly and improves performance by avoiding under- or over-dissipation. Moreover, the cutoff mode evolves over time within the same element as turbulent characteristics vary. The model is evaluated on three flows: homogeneous isotropic decaying, the Taylor–Green vortex, and periodic channel flow, each with distinct turbulent characteristics. Comparisons of the results show that the STDEMF model outperforms the DEMF model and the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity model.