The study provides a systematic examination of key legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and arbitration courts of all districts for the period 2022-2024, identifying and analyzing systemic gaps and contradictions in the current legislative regulation of land relations. The author develops an original classification of categories of disputes concerning types of permitted use, including conflicts between right holders and public authorities, disputes over bringing outdated formulations into compliance with the Classifier, and cases of administrative liability for improper use of land. The contradictions in judicial practice of various arbitration districts on identical legal issues are analyzed in detail, demonstrating the evolution of judicial approaches to the interpretation of land and urban planning legislation at different stages of judicial reform. Particular attention in the study is paid to current problems of practical application of the Classifier of Permitted Uses adopted in 2014 and repeatedly amended, the rights of land plot lessees to independently change the intended purpose of plots without the owner's consent, complex procedural issues of establishing conditionally permitted use through the mechanism of public hearings, as well as problems of auxiliary types of use and their relationship with main types. Based on the analysis of judicial practice and identified legal conflicts, the author formulates substantiated and detailed proposals for amending the Land Code and Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of Administrative Offenses, aimed at achieving unification of law enforcement practice, eliminating legal uncertainty, reducing administrative barriers for land users, and protecting the rights of bona fide land plot right holders from unjustified prosecution
Maksim Scheblenkov (Fri,) studied this question.