Significant advances have been made in cosmic-ray measurements in recent years, particularly with successful space missions and long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica. The high precision data from various experiments over a wide energy range led to surprising discoveries, such as an excess of positrons and hardening of the elemental spectra. These unexpected spectral features challenge the traditional view that a simple power law can represent cosmic rays, and they provide important constraints on cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models. My research focuses on direct measurements of high-energy cosmic rays from space-based and balloon-borne experiments. Some of our recent findings are presented in this paper.
Eun-Suk Seo (Wed,) studied this question.