Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern, with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess HBV prevalence and associated risk factors in a private hospital setting in Kashmir, India. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over 19 months (June 2023–December 2024) at a private tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. A sample of 1276 patients was selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, and laboratory testing, including ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HBV detection. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HBV was 3.2%, with family history, dental procedures, and traditional practices identified as significant independent risk factors. Family history emerged as the strongest predictor (adjusted OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 2.1–3.7), followed by dental procedures (adjusted OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8–3.1) and traditional practices (adjusted OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.6). Concordance between ELISA and PCR testing was high, affirming the reliability of screening methods. Discussion: Findings highlight the significant role of familial and cultural practices in HBV transmission. Improved dental infection control, family-centered screening, and culturally tailored interventions are critical. While blood transfusion risks have decreased, occupational exposures require further attention. Comprehensive prevention strategies incorporating cultural sensitivity and healthcare integration are essential to mitigate HBV transmission in Kashmir.
Altaf et al. (Thu,) studied this question.