Effects of the Utilization of Risk Assessment Systems on Construction Workers’ Safety Consciousness, Safety Attitude, and Safety Behavior

Despite ongoing improvements in safety regulations and management practices, the construction industry continues to experience high rates of occupational accidents, highlighting the need for more effective preventive safety management. Although risk assessment systems have been introduced to address limitations of conventional document-oriented practices, empirical evidence on differences in workers’ safety-related outcomes in real construction settings remains limited. This study examined whether differences exist in safety consciousness, safety attitude, and safety behavior between construction workers who use a risk assessment system and those who do not. Group differences were analyzed using Welch’s t-tests, with effect sizes reported as Hedges’ g, and supplementary item-level analyses were conducted to explore underlying patterns. The results indicate that system users reported higher levels of safety consciousness, safety attitude, and safety behavior than non-users, with consistently large between-group differences across all three constructs. Item-level analyses showed more pronounced differences in proactive safety engagement, safety-first value orientation, and participatory safety practices. Rather than emphasizing causal effects, these findings are interpreted as reflecting differences in safety-related cognition, evaluative orientations, and practices across contrasting safety management and information contexts, providing context-specific insight into proactive safety management in construction settings.