World free HIV: the novel therapeutic approaches for eliminating latent HIV infection

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an intervention aimed at preventing the development and spread of HIV. The persistence of proviruses in the CD4 + memory T cells, which are transcriptionally inactive and other drug-resistant reservoirs, makes treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection through pharmacological means complex. The major measures to deal with the disease involve reactivating the inactive viruses then clearing them off by using virus-specific cytotoxic effect and also by host immune responses. Broadcast screening and mechanism-based techniques have revealed a huge number of medications that can reactivate latent infections. The review carried out relies on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed (NCBI), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases. Some of the therapeutic alternatives mentioned are Shock and Kill, cytokines, chemokines, histone methyl transferase inhibitor, immunotherapy, protein kinase C activator, P-TEFb activator, and uncharacterized ones like vorinostat and disulfiram. These techniques have proven to be effective using models working with CD4 + T lymphocytes and dormant cell lines in HIV-1 infected patients. The given paper includes an in-depth evaluation of the existing situation in the field and its hardships.