Variation in the Angle of the First Pedal Ray Relative to the Midline of the Foot by Sex and Parity History.

Key Points

• This research examines how the angle of the first pedal ray differs between sexes and based on childbirth history.
• Comparative analysis of the first pedal ray angle in males, nulliparous females, and parous females.
• Measurement of angles relative to the midline of the foot.
• Statistical comparison of groups to identify variations.
• Parous females exhibit a larger angle than males by 1.5°-1.7°.
• Nulliparous females have a similar pedal ray angle to males.
• Females generally display a larger angle than males.