Digital twin technology is revolutionizing the architectural and construction industries by offering a live, data-driven digital replica of physical buildings. Unlike static 3D models, digital twins evolve with time, integrating real-world data captured from sensors, IoT devices, and user inputs. This enables stakeholders to monitor, analyse, and optimize building performance in real-time. The power of digital twins lies in their ability to bridge the physical and digital worlds, allowing architects, engineers, and facility managers to simulate scenarios, track changes, and predict future behaviour of structures based on historical and real-time data. In architectural design and facility management, digital twins extend the capabilities of Building Information Modelling (BIM) by incorporating live feedback loops, allowing professionals to go beyond documentation and into predictive modelling. When paired with platforms like Revit and AutoCAD, and enhanced with technologies such as point cloud scanning, digital twins become powerful tools for renovation, retrofitting, and complex site analysis. This technology is particularly valuable in smart building development and urban planning, offering real-time visibility into energy use, occupancy, system performance, and lifecycle optimization. As this innovation matures, it is setting a new paradigm for how buildings are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained across their full lifecycle.
Abuzaid et al. (Mon,) studied this question.