What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to explore a hybrid bioelectrochemical system for effective treatment of azo dye wastewater.

February 9, 2026Open Access

Bioelectrochemical hybrid system integrating anodic biofilm and cathodic Fenton into a microbial fuel cell for multifunctional treatment of azo dye wastewater

Key Points

The central aim is to explore a hybrid bioelectrochemical system for effective treatment of azo dye wastewater.
Integrated anodic biofilm (ABF) with cathodic bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) process.
Evaluated three operational strategies by varying the RBV-5R/acetate ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT).
Optimized conditions included specific concentrations of RBV-5R and acetate, and defined ABF/BEF cycles.
Achieved a power density of 73.3 mW m-2 under optimal conditions.
Generated in situ H2O2 at 12.3 ± 0.2 mg L-1.
Attained 99.8% color removal and 79.6% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) after treatment.

Abstract

This study investigates a hybrid bioelectrochemical system that integrates an anodic biofilm (ABF) with a cathodic bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) process for the treatment of azo-dye-containing wastewater. Three operational strategies were evaluated by varying the RBV-5R/acetate ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Under optimal conditions (20 mg L-1 RBV-5R, 0.25 g L-1 acetate, 6 h/12 h ABF/BEF), the system achieved a power density of 73.3 mW m-2 and in situ H2O2 generation of 12.3 ± 0.2 mg L-1, resulting in high removals of color (99.8%), COD (79.6%,), and a marked reduction in phytotoxicity after pH neutralization. Unlike conventional MFC-BEF configurations, this work demonstrates a redox-sequential, self-powered ABF + BEF architecture in which the anodic biofilm serves as an active pretreatment stage prior to oxidative polishing. These results highlight the potential of this integrated platform as a sustainable strategy for advanced wastewater treatment of azo dyes.

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