All-water-based fabrication of biodegradable mulch films from dead leaves via complex hydrogen-bonded networks

Key Points

• The aim is to upcycle dead leaves into biodegradable mulch films for sustainable agricultural practices.
• Utilized a water-based fabrication process
• Created complex hydrogen-bonded networks
• Assessed biodegradability in natural soil
• Successfully produced biodegradable mulch films from dead leaves
• Films demonstrated effective breakdown in natural soil conditions
• Contributes to sustainable plasticulture practices