What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore how propulsion systems can exhibit motion perceived as reactionless without violating fundamental physical laws.

February 14, 2026Open Access

Externally Reacted, Internally Silent Motion: A Reactionless-Perceived Framework for Propulsion Systems Author

Key Points

This research aims to explore how propulsion systems can exhibit motion perceived as reactionless without violating fundamental physical laws.
Introduces the Externally Reacted, Internally Silent (ERIS) Motion Model
Formalizes the concept under the Constraint-Driven Physical Realization Framework (CDPRF)
Analyzes examples in aerospace propulsion, vehicle dynamics, and biomedical motion systems.
Demonstrates that propulsion can appear reactionless at a local level while conserving global momentum.
Distinguishes between internal force experiences and global momentum exchanges.
Provides frameworks applicable in various engineering and biomedical contexts.

Abstract

Reactionless propulsion is forbidden in closed systems by momentum conservation and Noether's theorem. However, many real-world systems exhibit motion that appears reactionless at the local or experiential level while remaining globally momentumconserving. This paper introduces the Externally Reacted, Internally Silent (ERIS) Motion Model, formalized under the Constraint-Driven Physical Realization Framework (CDPRF). The model distinguishes between global momentum exchange and internal force experience, demonstrating how propulsion systems may achieve reactionless-perceived motion without violating physical laws. Applications are discussed in aerospace propulsion, vehicle dynamics, and biomedical motion systems.

Externally Reacted, Internally Silent Motion: A Reactionless-Perceived Framework for Propulsion Systems Author

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