Synthesis of next-generation biofuel additive, γ-valerolactone, via hydrogenation of levulinic acid in the presence of formic acid over nickel-exchanged 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on neutral Al 2 O 3 and its kinetics study

Key Points

• This research aims to synthesize γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid using hydrogenation.
• Used nickel-exchanged 12-tungstophosphoric acid as a catalyst on neutral aluminum oxide support.
• Hydrogenation reaction evaluated under varying conditions.
• Focused on selectivity, efficiency, and recyclability of the catalyst.
• Achieved high selectivity for γ-valerolactone.
• Demonstrated robust catalyst recyclability.
• Utilized renewable and non-hazardous reactants in the process.