Background: The presence of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in environments may pose significant health threats to humans and exposed domestic animals. Although health effects related to secondhand and thirdhand smoke (SHS and THS) for humans are well known, the health effects of SHS and THS exposure on animals have not been well understood yet. This scientific review study was conducted to explore the health effects of SHS and THS exposure on pets. Materials and Methods: Several terms were searched in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. After screening, 14 papers had the desired criteria and were included in our review. Results: Diverse adverse health effects, such as nasal and lung cancer, cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in dogs, lymphoma, immune system cancer, and oral cancer in cats, eye diseases, respiratory problems, and skin diseases in pets (i.e., dogs and cats), were reported in the reviewed studies. Conclusion: Increasing public awareness of pet breeders and/or owners on the health effects associated with SHS and THS exposure in pets is highly recommendable. More studies are extremely essential to investigate the effects of SHS and THS exposure on ignored domestic animals, such as birds and aquariums organisms, in smoker homes.
Nik et al. (Sun,) studied this question.