What question did this study set out to answer?

The research investigates how different types of bifocal contact lenses affect retinal images in individuals with presbyopia.

February 19, 2026

Analysis of Bifocal Contact Lenses

Key Points

The research investigates how different types of bifocal contact lenses affect retinal images in individuals with presbyopia.
Applied modulations transfer theory to evaluate contact lenses
Investigated segmented bifocal, two-curve bifocal, and pupil restriction lenses
Measured the effect on depth of field and image brightness
Segmented bifocal and two-curve bifocal lenses enhanced depth of field
Pupil restriction significantly increased depth of field despite reduced brightness
All lenses improved visual performance for presbyopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT The modulations transfer theory has been applied to a rigorous investigation of the effect on the retinal image of several types of contact lenses designed to help in presbyopia. Among those investigated are the segmented bifocal, the two‐curve bifocal, and pupil restriction. The effect of these various lenses on the extension of the depth of field is illustrated, and it is shown that the restricted pupil lens makes a significant contribution to the depth of field at an acceptable sacrifice in brightness.

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