What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to create Toki Esperanta by merging Toki Pona's minimal roots with Angla Esperanta's grammar.

February 19, 2026Open Access

TOKI ESPERANTA (Toki Pona Lexicon with Angla Esperanta Grammar)

Key Points

The aim is to create Toki Esperanta by merging Toki Pona's minimal roots with Angla Esperanta's grammar.
Developed a grammatical framework using Angla Esperanta with Toki Pona's lexicon.
Identified approximately 120 Toki Pona roots for vocabulary.
Established phonological rules for merging affixes from Angla Esperanta with Toki Pona phonology.
Achieved a three-way synthesis of minimalism, familiarity, and regularity in TE.
Demonstrated that speakers of Angla Esperanta need to learn around 120 new Toki Pona words to communicate in TE.
Showed that TE maintains absolute regularity with 16 consistent grammatical rules.

Abstract

Toki Esperanta (TE) is a rigorously constructed auxiliary language that applies the grammatical framework of Angla Esperanta (AE) — itself an application of Esperanto grammar to English vocabulary — to the lexicon of Toki Pona. The result is a three-way synthesis: The minimalism of Toki Pona (~120 roots) The familiarity of English-derived grammar (Angla Esperanta) The perfect regularity of Esperanto’s 16 rules TE and AE are grammatical twins. Every rule, every ending, every affix is shared; only the roots differ. A speaker of AE needs to learn approximately 120 new words to speak TE, while a speaker of TE needs roughly 1,000 new words to speak AE. The grammatical system is unified. Core Design Principles Lexical source: Toki Pona (~120 roots, Lang 2001) Grammatical source: Angla Esperanta (AE grammar = Esperanto grammar applied to English vocabulary) Zero conflict with AE: identical grammar, entirely distinct vocabulary Absolute regularity: 16 inviolable rules, zero exceptions Phonological bridge: formal adaptation rules where AE affixes meet TP phonology Complete generativity: 120 roots × affix system = thousands of derivable words English Lexicon with Esperanto Grammar - A Rigorous Constructed Language Paper link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18242009

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