Maternal care facilities in Nigeria are crucial for improving maternal health outcomes, yet their effectiveness varies widely across different regions and settings. A DiD approach was employed to analyse longitudinal data collected from maternal health clinics. The study compared pre- and post-intervention outcomes for patients treated at facilities located in both urban and rural settings before and after the implementation of standardised clinical protocols. The analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in patient recovery rates (p < 0. 05) following the intervention, with a notable difference-in-differences effect favoring urban clinics over rural ones (effect size: -20%, CI: -30%, -10%). The DiD model demonstrated its utility in detecting potential biases and providing insights into the effectiveness of standardised clinical protocols across different facility types. Future research should extend this analysis to more diverse settings. Further studies are recommended to explore factors influencing outcomes and to implement targeted interventions for improving care quality in underserved rural areas. Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Nnadi et al. (Sun,) studied this question.