What question did this study set out to answer?

This research questions whether a phase transition occurs in the Biswas–Chatterjee–Sen model on directed networks.

March 1, 2026Open Access

Absence of Phase Transition in the Biswas–Chatterjee–Sen Model on Directed Barabási–Albert Networks

Key Points

This research questions whether a phase transition occurs in the Biswas–Chatterjee–Sen model on directed networks.
Conducted extensive Monte Carlo simulations on Barabási–Albert networks with varying neighbors.
Analyzed relaxation time of average opinion state.
Examined the fourth-order Binder cumulant across different network sizes.
No critical points were found in the model on directed networks.
Absence of critical social temperature suggests a different behavior compared to regular lattices.

Abstract

The phase transition in the Biswas–Chatterjee–Sen model on directed Barabási–Albert networks has been investigated by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations with four and fifty neighbors. The relaxation time of the average opinion state of the network and its fourth-order Binder cumulant have been analyzed for several different network sizes. Contrary to what happens on regular lattices, the present results do not show any presence of critical points, or equivalently, an absence of a critical social temperature.

Absence of Phase Transition in the Biswas–Chatterjee–Sen Model on Directed Barabási–Albert Networks

Key Points

Abstract

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